Photonic Crystal Fiber in Photonic Crystal Fiber for Residual Dispersion Compensation Over <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm E} + {\rm S} + {\rm C} + {\rm L} + {\rm U}$</tex></formula> Wavelength Bands

A new circular photonic crystal fiber for effective dispersion compensation over E to L wavelength bands

This paper presents a new circular photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF) for effective dispersion compensation covering E to L wavelength bands ranging from 1360-1625 nm. To investigate its guiding properties, finite element method (FEM) with a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition is used. From our numerical simulation, it is found that the designed C-PCF simultaneously shows a large n...

Wideband Dispersion Compensation in Hexagonal Lattice Photonic Crystal Fiber

In this paper, a new structure is provided for the dispersion compensating photonic crystal fibers in order to broaden the chromatic dispersion and increase the dispersion compensating capability in a wide wavelength range. In the structure, putting elliptical holes in the first ring of the inner core clad of a dispersion compensating fiber of the hexagonal lattice, increases the wavelength ran...

Design of low-dispersion fractal photonic crystal fiber

In this paper, a fractal photonic crystal fiber (F-PCF) based on the 1st iteration of Koch fractal configuration for optical communication systems is presented. Complex structure of fractal shape is build up through replication of a base shape. Nowadays, fractal shapes are used widely in antenna topics and its usage in PCF has not been investigated yet. The purpose of this research is to compar...

Topological superconductor in quasi-one-dimensional ${\rm Tl}_{2-x}{\rm Mo}_6{\rm Se}_6$

Bank ownership, rm value and rm capital structure in Europe*

We investigate the role of banks in the ownership structure of non-…nancial …rms. Distinguishing between banks and other institutional investors as shareholders, we examine the relationship between …nancial institution ownership and the performance of the …rms in which they hold equity. We control explicitly for the capital structure decision of the …rms and the ownership decision of …nancial i...